Ayurvedic Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis – Causes, Symptoms & Herbal Remedies

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and intensely itchy inflammatory skin condition which is commonly seen in children. It affects approximately 10-20% of children and 1-3% of adults. This condition typically begins in early childhood, with around 45% of cases starting within the first six months, 60% within the first year, and 85% by the age of five. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition which is also a type of eczema. This skin condition is characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It is sometimes considered auto-immune in origin. The disease is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and immune factors. Despite significant advances in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment, it is a challenging condition to manage. Atopic Dermatitis often gets worsened by triggers such as allergens, stress, and environmental factors like temperature and humidity. In this article, we will discuss it in detail.

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial, chronic, and itchy skin disorder that affects a significant portion of the global population. It is a part of the “atopic triad” that includes asthma and allergic rhinitis. Patients often have a family history of these allergic conditions, which suggests a genetic predisposition. The condition is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, an overactive immune response, and various environmental influences, making it challenging to treat effectively. The impaired skin barrier function allows allergens and irritants to penetrate, which triggers the immune responses. The condition is marked by periodic flare-ups and remissions. Over time, repeated flare-ups can lead to skin thickening, infections, and also psychological impacts such as anxiety and depression. Patients experience both physical and emotional distress due to persistent itching, disrupted sleep, and visible skin lesions, impacting their quality of life.

Causes

The exact cause is unknown but it is believed to manifest due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.

1. Genetic Factors

Researches have revealed that atopic dermatitis has a strong relation to genetic mutations mainly the filaggrin gene. This regulates the production of a protein which maintains our skin’s barrier. Individuals with a family history of atopic dermatitis, asthma, or allergic rhinitis are at an increased risk of developing the condition.

2. Immune System Dysfunction

Here, the immune system overreacts to harmless substances like dust mites, pollen, or even skin products. T-helper 2 cells are thought to play a central role in the inflammatory process, triggering the release of cytokines that cause skin inflammation and dryness. This immune response is often more in individuals with underlying auto-immune conditions.

3. Environmental Factors

These include

• Climate and weather: Cold, dry weather can worsen the symptoms by drying out the skin, while hot and humid environments can promote sweating and irritation.
• Irritants: Harsh soaps, detergents, household cleaners or fragrances can irritate sensitive skin and worsen symptoms.
• Allergens: Dust mites, pet dander, pollen, and certain foods like eggs, peanuts can trigger flare-ups in individuals with Atopic dermatitis.
• Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, particularly those caused by Staphylococcus aureus, can trigger and worsen the condition.

4. Stress

• Emotional stress, exams, or any other stress can make the existing symptoms worse

Signs & Symptoms

The manifestation of symptoms vary from mild to severe in different cases. These are

• Itching: It is the most common and distressing symptom characterized by intense itching, which often leads to scratching and further skin damage.
• Red, inflamed skin: The hallmark of atopic dermatitis is red, inflamed patches of skin.
• Dry, scaly skin: The skin in affected areas may appear dry, rough, and flaky, with visible cracks or fissures.
• Thickened skin: With chronic scratching, the skin may appear thickened and leathery. This process is called lichenification. Hyperpigmentation is also seen in areas of prolonged itching.
• In severe cases, exudation is seen where skin oozes out fluid especially during flare-ups.

Diagnosis

A combination of both patient’s history and clinical evaluation has a significant role in diagnosing atopic dermatitis. The diagnosis is typically made based on the following

• Patient History: A family history of atopic diseases, such as asthma or hay fever, leads to a strong predisposition of atopic dermatitis.
• Physical Examination: The skin is analyzed for characteristic signs such as dry, inflamed patches or lichenification.
• SASSAD: Six Area, Six Sign Atopic DermatitisThis simple method is effective for monitoring disease progression in atopic dermatitis. The score is obtained by grading six signs which are erythema, exudation, excoriation, dryness, cracking and lichenification. These signs are recorded at six sites which are arms, hands, feet, legs, trunk and head & neck. They are scored on the basis of severity in order of 0 [absent], 1 [mild], 2 [moderate], and 3 [severe]. The maximum score obtained through this score is 108.
• Skin Prick Tests: These can be performed to identify if any allergen might be triggering the condition.
• Skin Biopsy: It can be done to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Symptomatic management is the first line of treatment for managing flare-ups and improving the quality of life. Common treatment options include

1. Topical Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation and control flare-ups. However, long term use of steroids leads to thinning of skin.
2. Immuno-suppressants: These suppress the immune response.
3. Biologics: Decrease immune response.
4. Emollients and Moisturizers: These help restore the skin barrier and prevent further irritation.
5. Phototherapy: In severe cases, phototherapy using ultraviolet (UV) is advised as it helps in reducing inflammation and improving skin barrier.

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Moisturizing regularly: Use fragrance-free emollients to keep the skin hydrated.
• Avoiding triggers: Identify and avoid allergens, irritants, and stressors that may worsen the condition.
• Wearing soft fabrics: Choose loose-fitting, cotton clothing to prevent irritation from harsh fabrics like wool.
• Taking lukewarm baths: Hot water can dry out the skin and exacerbate itching, so lukewarm baths are recommended.

Ayurvedic Overview

As per Ayurveda, Atopic Dermatitis can be co-related to “Charmadala” which is a type of “Kushta roga” (skin disorders). “कुष्नति इति कुष्ठ” This means something that destroys your twaka (skin) and other involved dhatu is called Kushta. Kushta involves all your tridoshas i.e., vata, pitta and kapha and Twaka (skin), Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscles) and Rasa (lymph). In charmadala there is dominance of Kapha and Pitta dosha. Due to over-eating, poor nutrition, overly spicy & oily foods, sedentary lifestyle our doshas gets vitiated and these vitiated doshas then accumulate in our twaka (skin), rakta (blood), mamsa (muscle) etc. leading to manifestation of symptoms.

Acharya Charaka has explained about preliminary signs of “Kushta Roga” (skin disease). There is decreased touch sensation, change in color (discoloration), excessive sweating or absence of sweating (which may be localized or sometimes generalized), formation of papules on skin, pricking pain, mental fatigue, severe pain in affected area, and burning sensation.

The symptoms of “Charmadala” explains that the skin has redness, small pustules, itching along with cracks in skin which are crusted because of dryness. On the basis of similarity between the symptoms it is co-related to Atopic Dermatitis.

Various herbs and panchkarma (detoxification procedures) have been mentioned in management of “Kushta roga” which are also applicable in the treatment of “Charmadala”. Procedures like snehana (Oleation), swedana (fomentation), lepa (application of medicinal paste), Raktamokshana (bloodletting), Sarvangh-dhara or Ekaang-dhara (warm medicated oils or decoction are poured either over whole body or the affected part) are advised.

Use of “Rasanjanana” (solid extract prepared from decoction of Daruharidra i.e., Berberis aristata) along with cow’s urine is done. Classical preparations like Patolamuladi kashayam, Kanakabindu Arishta, Madhavasava, Sidharthaka Snana (medicated baths) are used in management of “Kushta”. Use of Gandhak (sulphur) has also been mentioned for treatment of 17 types of “Kushta”. Gandhak (sulphur) along with amalaki and honey is used in 17 types of “Kushta”.

Acharya Charaka, has mentioned about “Kushtagna Mahakashayam” [alleviates skin disorders] in which he has mentioned about 10 herbs that are helpful in management of “Kushta”. They are Khadira (Acacia catechu), Abhya (Terminalia chebula), Saptaparni (Alstonia schlorasis), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Arushaka (Semecarpus anacardium), Amlaki (Emblica officinalis), Aragwadha (Cassia fistula), Karvir (Nerium indicum), Vidang (Emblia ribes), and Jatipraval (Jasminum officinale). These drugs pacify the vitiated doshas, cleanses blood and also their prabhava (specific action) helps in pacifying the aggravated symptoms.

Ayurvedic Herbs Beneficial in Atopic Dermatitis

1. Neem (Azadirachta Indica)

It is a powerful ingredient renowned for its ability to exfoliate the skin and remove dead skin cells. In Ayurveda, it is considered “Kushta Hara,” which means it is highly effective in treating skin disorders. It works by cleansing the skin and balancing an overactive Kapha dosha, helping to reduce skin imbalances. Neem has a cooling nature (Sheeta Veerya), which soothes inflammation and irritation. Its decoction, known as Kashayam, is commonly used in medicinal baths for overall skin health. Additionally, powdered Neem leaves are used for healing wounds and abscesses, often combined with honey and Haridra (Curcuma longa) to enhance their therapeutic effects.

2. Jati (Jasminum Officinale)

It is commonly known as Chameli or Jasmine, is a versatile herb that holds great value in Ayurvedic medicine. It is characterized by its Tikta (bitter) and Kashaya (astringent) tastes, along with being Laghu (light) and Snighda (slimy). This unique combination balances all three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. The leaves of the Jasmine plant are rich in beneficial compounds like salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, anthranilic acid, and the alkaloid jasmine, which contribute to its healing properties. A paste made from its leaves is particularly effective for alleviating itching. The oils or medicated ghee prepared from its leaves are highly valued for their ability to promote healing of both open and chronic wounds.

3. Khadira (Acacia Catechu)

As described by Acharya Charaka, it is known as “Kushta Hara,” i.e., it is highly effective in treating various skin diseases. Its medicinal properties are utilized through its kwath (decoction) or arishta (alcoholic preparation), which are taken internally to address skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. Khadira is rich in Tikta (bitter) and Kashaya (astringent) tastes, which help balance the vitiated Kapha and Pitta doshas. It is also considered “Kandhughna”, which means it is effective in relieving itching. Khadira contains beneficial alkaloids like acactechin, quercetin, and gum quercitrin, which contribute to its therapeutic properties. Additionally, the branches of the Khadira tree are used as a natural toothbrush due to the “Kashaya” (astringent) qualities present in them.

4. Manjistha (Rubia Cordifolia)

This herb is known for its ability to purify the blood, earning it the title of “Raktashodhak” in Ayurveda. Manjistha is particularly effective in addressing hyperpigmentation by inhibiting melanin production, which evens out skin tone and reduces dark spots. As a potent antioxidant, it nourishes the skin and promotes a glowing complexion. Additionally, Manjistha is known for its ability to balance both Kapha and Pitta doshas, making it highly effective for treating imbalances that can manifest in the skin. Charaka refers to it as “Varnya” as it relieves itching and promotes the healing of damaged skin. Rich in active compounds such as purpurin, munjistin, xanthopurpurin, and pseudo purpurin, this herb is a treasure trove of bioactive constituents that maintain skin health.

5. Haridra (Curcuma Longa)

Commonly known as turmeric, is a powerful herb that enhances Agni (digestive fire) due to its Ushna Veerya (hot potency) and the presence of Katu (bitter) and Tikta (pungent) tastes. These qualities allow it to effectively digest the Ama (toxins) in the body. It balances Vata due to its hot potency, Kapha through its dry, bitter, and pungent qualities, and Pitta due to its pungent nature. Haridra also plays a vital role in clearing blockages in the body’s srotas (circulatory channels) allowing the free flow of Vata within them. Furthermore, this herb also aids in immune modulation due to its potent anti-oxidant properties. Known for its anti-inflammatory action, Haridra is naturally effective in reducing inflammation, making it valuable in treating a variety of skin conditions.

Herbal Remedies for Atopic Dermatitis by Planet Ayurveda

Planet Ayurveda provides a combination of ayurvedic herbal treament for the management of Atopic Dermatitis. With the use of above-mentioned herbs, planet Ayurveda has compiled the “Atopic Dermatitis Care Pack”. This pack includes Gleaming Skin, Hair, Nail Formula; Navkarshik Churna; Gandhak Rasayan; Kushta Rakshas Taila and Royal Honey Shower Gel. All the Planet Ayurveda medicines are 100 % natural, vegetarian, additive free, chemical & preservative free and without any side effects. With ayurvedic intervention, Atopic dermatitis can be managed efficiently and thus, increasing the quality of life.

Product Description

1. Gleaming Skin, Hair, Nail Formula

These capsules are formulated using a standardized extract of potent blood-purifying herbs, including Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Pit Papada (Fumaria officinalis), Ghritkumari (Aloe barbadensis), and Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus). These herbs are known for their ability to cleanse and eliminate toxins from the blood. Together, they support the health of the hair, skin, and nails, helping to improve their appearance and vitality by purifying the blood and nourishing the body from within.

Dosage: 1 capsule twice daily with warm water after meals.

2. Navkarshik Churna

This churna is made from a standardized extract of nine powerful herbs, each contributing to its therapeutic properties. The key ingredients include Amla (Emblica officinalis), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellerica), Vacha (Acorus calamus), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), Katuki (Picorrhiza kurroa), Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), and Daruharidra (Berberis aristata). These herbs work together to balance the Kapha and Vata doshas. Rich in anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties, they support better skin health by promoting cleansing and reducing inflammation. This combination of herbs acts as an Immuno-modulator, strengthening the body’s immune system. Additionally, they purify the blood and provide relief from itching and discomfort, addressing the skin concerns effectively.

Dosage: 1 tsp. full twice daily with warm water after meals.

3. Gandhak Rasayan

These tablets are a traditional herbomineral formulation, crafted using purified Sulphur, which undergoes a meticulous Shodhana (purification) process with the help of cow’s milk. In addition to sulphur, the preparation contains a standardized extract of several beneficial herbs, including Twak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Patra (Cinnamomum tamala), and Nagakesar (Mesua ferrea), Triphala (Three myrobalans), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Shunthi (Zingiber officinalis), and Bhringraj (Eclipta alba). This powerful combination of ingredients provides anti-microbial and rasayanic properties that are particularly effective in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis and eczema. It helps relieve itching, redness, and reduces dryness in skin. The use of sulphur for skin health has a long history, with ancient practices recommending baths in sulphur-rich water to treat various skin-related issues.

Dosage: 2 tablets twice daily with warm water after meals.

4. Kushta Rakshas Tail

This is a classical herbo-mineral oil preparation, prepared with mustard oil. This is prepared using the standardized extract of Kushtha (Saussarea lappa), Saptaparni (Alstonia scholaris), Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica), Bakuchi (Cullen corylifolium) etc. This oil also has presence of various detoxified metals like Gandhak (sulphur), hartal (arsenic), Tamra Bhasma (copper), etc. This is classically indicated in eczema, psoriasis and dermatitis. It effectively manages the “kushta” as it reduces itching, helps with pigmentation, also the karanj bheej (Pongamia pinnata) in it, helps in restoring the moisture in the skin and thereby prevents dryness.

Dosage: 3ml twice daily for local application.

5. Royal Honey Shower Gel

This luscious shower gel is prepared from the standardized extract of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). It is enriched with the goodness of wild floral honey and vitamin E. This shower gel cleanses the skin and removes the accumulated dry skin. It doesn’t dry out the skin and keeps the moisture level of skin intact, thus helps in healing the damaged skin barrier in atopic dermatitis.

Dosage: Use for bathing.

Method of Application: Squeeze a small amount of shower gel on a wet body sponge or pouf. Work into a rich creamy lather and then rinse out clean.

Conclusion

This chronic condition affects millions of people worldwide with its prevalence on the rise. Its complex etiology involves genetic, immune, and environmental factors, making it challenging to treat but ayurvedic approach shows positive outcomes, improving quality of life. Lifestyle modifications, careful trigger management, and a holistic approach, including Ayurvedic remedies, can complement the conventional treatments and help patients effectively manage their condition. Adapting a proper skin care routine is essential for it will promote the healing of the damaged skin barrier. Raising awareness and improving accessibility to treatments is crucial in enhancing the quality of life of those living with atopic dermatitis, leading to better long-term outcomes and a higher quality of life.