Natural Ayurvedic Treatment for Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid – Causes, Symptoms & Herbal Remedies

Abstract

Healthy skin and mucous membranes play a vital role in protecting the body from infections, environmental toxins, and physical injuries. They serve as the first line of defense against pathogens and help maintain overall homeostasis. When these protective barriers are compromised, as in mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), significant health complications can arise, leading to pain, scarring, and functional impairment. Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a rare, chronic autoimmune blistering disease primarily affecting mucous membranes, including the oral cavity, eyes, nose, throat, esophagus, and genital regions. The prevalence of MMP is estimated to be between 1 to 2 cases per million individuals per year, with a higher incidence in older adults, particularly between the ages of 60 and 80 years. Let’s discuss it in detail!

Introduction

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), also known as cicatricial pemphigoid, is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of subepithelial blisters on mucosal surfaces. Unlike bullous pemphigoid, which primarily affects the skin, MMP predominantly involves mucous membranes and can lead to scarring, particularly in the eyes, causing blindness if untreated. Mucous membrane pemphigoid is caused by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins in the basement membrane zone, disrupting the dermo-epidermal junction. The disease course varies from mild, localized involvement to severe, multisystem disease requiring aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. An integrated approach combining conventional treatment with holistic Ayurvedic remedies can help manage symptoms and promote mucosal healing to cure Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid effectively.

Causes

1. Genetic Predisposition: Certain HLA types, such as HLA-DQB1*0301, have been linked to increased susceptibility to MMP.
2. Autoantibody Production: The immune system produces IgG and IgA autoantibodies against basement membrane components, particularly BP180, BP230, laminin-332, and integrins.
3. Environmental Factors: Exposure to chemicals, infections, or trauma may trigger the autoimmune response.
4. Drug-Induced MMP: Some medications, such as furosemide, penicillamine, and NSAIDs, have been implicated in causing or exacerbating MMP.

Types

1. Oral Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: The most common form, affecting the gums, palate, and buccal mucosa, causing painful erosions and ulcerations.
2. Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Involves the conjunctiva, leading to conjunctivitis, scarring, and potential blindness.
3. Nasopharyngeal Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Affects the nasal mucosa, causing crusting, nosebleeds, and airway obstruction.
4. Laryngeal and Esophageal Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Causes hoarseness, dysphagia, and strictures.
5. Genital and Perianal Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Leads to painful erosions and scarring in the genital or anal regions.

Symptoms

Symptoms in Skin:

1. Localized erythematous plaques
2. Bullous eruptions in the upper body and head
3. Scarring
4. Alopecia in the involved skin

Symptoms in Oral Cavity:

1. Pain
2. Inability to eat certain food items like hot or spicy
3. Ulcerations and erosions
4. Mild scarring
5. Intraoral adhesions, which may cause loss of teeth

Symptoms in the Nose:

1. Discharge
2. Excessive crust formation inside the nose
3. Difficulty in breathing

Symptoms in Eye:

1. Conjunctivitis
2. Corneal damage
3. Photophobia and photosensitivity
4. Dry eyes
5. Progressive scarring, potentially leading to blindness

Symptoms in Larynx:

1. Hoarseness
2. Sore throat
3. Stenosis of airway
4. Breathing difficulty

Symptoms in Esophagus:

1. Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
2. Stricture formation
3. Esophageal reflux

Symptoms in Perineum:

1. Pain and bleeding
2. Erosion and ulcerations
3. Dysuria
4. Sexual dysfunction

Common Symptoms Include:

1. Painful blisters and erosions on mucous membranes
2. Persistent ulcers that heal slowly
3. Burning sensation
4. Scarring

Signs

1. Blister-like lesions on the affected mucosa
2. Desquamative Gingivitis: Inflammation of gums with sloughing
3. Symblepharon: Adhesions between conjunctiva and eyelids
4. Corneal scarring or vascularization
5. Strictures in the esophagus or larynx
6. Nikolsky’s Sign: Gentle rubbing causes blistering

Diagnosis

1. Clinical Examination: Assessment of mucosal lesions and symptom history
2. Biopsy with Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF): Detects linear IgG, IgA, or C3 deposition at the basement membrane zone
3. Serological Tests: ELISA to detect circulating autoantibodies against BP180 or laminin-332
4. Ophthalmologic and ENT Evaluation: For ocular or airway involvement

Treatment

Medications:

• Corticosteroids
• Immunosuppressants
• Biologic Therapy
• Antibiotics

Surgical Interventions:

1. Conjunctival Surgery: For ocular involvement with scarring
2. Esophageal Dilation: For severe esophageal strictures

Lifestyle Adjustments

1. Oral Hygiene: Use soft-bristled toothbrushes and avoid irritants like spicy foods
2. Dietary Adjustments: Avoid acidic, hot, salty, fried, and rough-textured foods
3. Eye Care: Regular ophthalmologic evaluations and lubricating drops
4. Stress Management: Yoga, meditation, and counseling
5. Avoid Smoking: Tobacco worsens mucosal inflammation

Ayurvedic Overview

In Ayurveda, mucous membrane pemphigoid can be correlated with “Visphota,” due to its symptom similarity. This is a type of “Kshudra Kushta” (minor skin disorder). Aggravated Pitta and Vata doshas cause inflammation and blistering.

This type of Kushta is called “Visphota” and appears white and reddish, with eruptions and pustules having thin skin covering.

Panchakarma procedures like Gandusha (oil pulling), Kavala (mouth rinses), Shirodhara, Abhyanga (massage), and Lepa (herbal pastes) are recommended. Oils and decoctions like coconut oil, Triphala Kashayam, Triphala Ghrita, Patolmuladi Kwatha, Guduchyadi Kwatha, Maha Tikta Ghrita, and Dushivishari Gulika are used. Affected areas can also be washed with Triphala Kashayam.

Herbal Remedies for Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid by Planet Ayurveda

Planet Ayurveda provides a combination of Ayurvedic herbs for managing Ayurvedic treatment for mucous membrane pemphigoid. Recommended products include Gandhak Rasayan, Kaishore Guggul, Gum Care Powder, Pitta Shamak-2, and Irimedadi Oil. All Planet Ayurveda products are 100% natural, vegetarian, and free from additives, chemicals, and preservatives, ensuring no side effects. With Ayurvedic intervention, mucous membrane pemphigoid can be effectively managed to improve the quality of life.

Product Description

1. Gandhak Rasayan

These tablets are a traditional herbal-mineral formulation crafted using purified Sulphur and standardized extracts from various potent herbs, including Twak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Patra (Cinnamomum tamala), Nagakesar (Mesua ferrea), Triphala (Three Myrobalans), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Shunthi (Zingiber officinalis), and Bhringraj (Eclipta alba). This unique composition is enriched with antimicrobial and rejuvenating (rasayanic) properties, making it beneficial for managing various skin conditions. It aids in soothing irritation, alleviating redness, and minimizing skin flakiness. The therapeutic benefits of Sulphur for skin health have been recognized since ancient times, with Sulphur-rich baths historically recommended to address various dermatological concerns.

Dosage: 2 tablets twice daily.

2. Kaishore Guggul

These tablets are prepared from the standardized extract of herbs like Triphala (Three Myrobalans), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Guggul (Commiphora mukul), Trikatu (Three Bitters), Vidanga (Embelia ribes), Red Physic Nut (Baliospermum montanum), and Indian Jalap (Ipomoea turpethum). It effectively removes toxins (Ama), reduces acne, eczema, and psoriasis, and soothes skin inflammation. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties aid in wound healing and prevent skin infections. By balancing Pitta and Vata doshas, it helps maintain a clear, blemish-free complexion while supporting liver function.

Dosage: 2 tablets twice daily.

3. Gum Care Powder

This gum care powder is prepared from the standardized extract of Safatika (Potash Alum) and various herbs like Sunthi (Zingiber officinalis), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Musta (Cyperus rotundus), Khadir (Acacia catechu), Karpur (Cinnamomum camphora), Poog (Areca catechu), Lavang (Syzygium aromaticum), and Twak (Cinnamomum zeylanica). It helps tighten gums, reduce sensitivity, and prevent infections. With its antibacterial and astringent properties, this chemical-free powder combats gum issues while maintaining fresh breath.

Dosage: Massage your teeth and gums gently with 3–6 gm powder. Rinse the mouth with lukewarm water after 2–3 minutes.

4. Pitta Shamak 2

These capsules contain standardized extracts of Pit Papda (Fumaria indica) and Patol (Trichosanthes dioica). They are known for their Pitta-balancing and skin-purifying properties. They help detoxify the blood, support liver health, and reduce skin issues like pigmentation. By cooling excess heat in the body, these capsules promote a healthy, radiant complexion while balancing the Pitta dosha.

Dosage: 1 capsule twice daily.

5. Irimedadi Oil

This oil is prepared using standardized extracts of Irimeda (Acacia farnesiana), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Khadira (Acacia catechu), Lavang (Syzygium aromaticum), Elaychi (Elettaria cardamomum), Karpur (Cinnamomum camphora), and various other herbs. This oil is highly effective in soothing and promoting the recovery of oral ulcers. Its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and soothing properties help reduce pain, accelerate healing, and provide relief from discomfort, making it an excellent remedy for maintaining oral health.

Dosage: Local application.

Conclusion

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune disorder that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent severe complications such as blindness and airway obstruction. Integrative therapies, including Ayurveda, may complement conventional treatment by reducing inflammation, improving immunity, and enhancing mucosal healing. A patient-centric approach focusing on medication, lifestyle modifications, and holistic care can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals affected by Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid.